Define each of the five business organizations?

The limited liability partnership is a company wherein two or more persons undertake to contribute to a common fund money or property and divide the profits among themselves. There is at least one limited partner and one general partner. A business may also be run by means of franchising which allows a business organization to transfer the rights and privileges of the business to another for a consideration. Such consideration is called franchise fee.In case of joint venture, it is a business organization between two corporations where the participants deviate from traditional matters on corporate management in terms of voting, control and selection of employees, and arbitration proceedings. In case of license, the government will act upon any business application filed by a business organization or an individual and provide such license to enter into business endeavors. Lastly, for sole proprietorship, an individual chose to run the business on his own and without any help from othe r persons.Week 2 Discussion Question 2 What legal and ethical issues must a business consider when deciding whether or not to do business globally? The ethical issues that a business organization must consider when deciding whether or not to do business globally are integrity of business endeavors, setting mission and vision properly and as well as propriety of core values. Doing business globally includes the adaptation of the culture, values, customs and economic conditions in other countries.Hence, the business organization must see to it that the core values of the company are universal and ethical in nature. On the other hand, the legal issues that should be considered is about laws involved in having business outside the country and as well as treaties involved in the same. The laws of other countries will affect the success of the business done globally. Lastly, the issues on taxation must also be considered by the business organization doing business outside the country.

Assesment Reporting Essay

Reporting and Resource Development Kate McGrath Student ID 11479964 Emt446 Assessment, Reporting and Resource Development 08 Fall 08 Fall Indicative Time Allocation The HSC course is 120 hours (indicative time). The following table shows the appropriate amount of time you should spend on each unit of work. HSC modules| Approx. number of weeks| Hours | The Australian Food Industry| 8 weeks| 25| Food Manufacture| 12 weeks| 40| Food Product Development| 12 weeks| 40| Due week 10 Weight 20%| Food manufacture ‘ Developing the undeveloped’Students are to research an Australian Food product and analyse the chosen product from ‘Farm to fork’. This includes the process of transforming the raw materials into a new product. The level of manufacturing and of the organisation will influence the amount of information gathered and the processes used. The assignment should include: manufacturing diagram, HACCP, Q&A, QU, principles of preservation along with external impact. Due week 10 Weight 25%| Product Design ‘The never ending design’Students are design, develop, create and produce a food item which caters for high school students. This item must be relevant to their recommended daily intake and the requirement that it helights, the food item must also have appeal to this target market. The food item must be designed for consumption for breakfast, recess or lunch, and is to be consumed at school. The limitationas that this places must be explored and addressed along with a list of product criteria. The food item can be a breakfast food item, a snack consumed during recess or a lunch product. The product must be relevant to the recommended daily intake for teenagers ager 13-17, the food item must also have appeal to this target market. The product must be justified as to how it meets these requirements. A series of tests and surveys must be conducted in establishing the target market and the products ability for success, this will be written in experimental format as found on page 261 of foodtech in action text.

Poverty in Afica ( Ghana) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Poverty in Afica ( Ghana) - Research Paper Example For this reason Africa has poised to become the next frontier of economic growth, yet Ghana and many other African nations have continued to remain in poverty. Majority of the citizens are still in the poverty and a significant proportion has continued to enjoy chronic extreme poverty. In Ghana 28% of the population is living conditions of extreme poverty (Owusu and Mensah, 2013). In this paper therefore, I will be exploring some of the reasons behind Ghana state of poverty despite possessing vast natural resources. Ghana continues to remain poor yet the country is home to vast mineral deposits, arable agricultural land and many other natural resources that are vital to economic development. At a time when manufacturing industries in the Europe, china, Japan, America and beyond are sourcing raw materials almost entirely from the African continent, Ghana and many other nations in Africa have no viable industrial or manufacturing economy beyond agro processing and production of raw materials. This situation can be looked at from different perspectives. Firstly, some have argued that Ghana and the entire Africa lacks knowledge on what can be done with the vast wealth in terms of oil, minerals and gas deposits. It can as well be argued that Ghana does not place any economic value at all to the rich mineral resources. Yet it can also be argued that that Africans are traditionally non-capital oriented and as such they derive satisfaction from just the surface value rather than what lies beneath their natural resource wealth. The most important issue here is that Africa and Ghana in particular is a net exporter of raw materials and this translates into transforming economic benefit for its citizens as would be if it were converting these raw materials into finished products for export. The biggest problem facing Ghana with its rich natural resource base revolves around the capability of converting the resources on a mass scale into finished

Pricing Strategies and Sales Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pricing Strategies and Sales Analysis - Essay Example The village flower company employs many pricing strategies in order to achieve desirable revenue, which is an essential variable in the expansion of the company. The strategies used by this company to boost sales include comprehensive marketing and online-selling of its flowers. This aspect enables the company to access many customers from diverse backgrounds of culture, race, and beliefs. Consequently, the company’s flowers get an international recognition and much revenue. For instance, the access to big data has enabled the company to gather crucial information with regard to pricing trends in the two flower companies. Reich asserts that new methods of flower differentiation and diversification have been learned after the acquisition of bid sets of data from a global platform. Moreover, the management in The Chicago Company has learned new management strategies through the recent access to large volumes of data. The big information has culminated in the restructuring of org anizational structure for efficiency and effectiveness in The Chicago Company operations. According to Reich, the big data has led to the realization of new ways of achieving global customer satisfaction, continuous improvement and total quality management within the company. These principles are essential in the thriving of The Chicago Company. In the case of transportation of the flowers, there is the use of sensors on trucks in order to streamline the delivery of flowers through shipping. This contains the problem of stock-out cost.

Information Technology Annotated Bibliography Essay

Information Technology Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example Moreover, they conducted comprehensive experiments that illustrated near optimal video streaming transmission quality. Their approach comprised a cross-layer protocol, which applies an intelligent approximation prediction of rate-distortion packets scheduler for real time video streaming. Additionally, it also comprises a forward error correction technique that protects against wireless channel noise. This article provides methodology and principle for my work in cooperative video streaming in smartphones using web browser cache. Conversely, their approach is a stand-alone application in mobile devices where I am interested in extending there work but with focus on persuasive approach using web browsing cache to achieve this target. Many concepts and guidelines in the article provide a good basis for live video streaming on wireless mobile connection, which I can, use. Overall, the strength can be seen in the work of optimization framework whereas, the limitation of this article is w ithin their experiment, which they did not compare with other approaches. H. Seferoglu and A. Markopoulou. â€Å"Video-Aware Opportunistic Network Coding over Wireless Networks,† in IEEE JSAC, Special Issue on Network Coding for Wireless Communication Networks, vol. 27, June 2009. Star rating:   2 Stars:   Paper describes some important terms and fundamental concepts Key words: Network coding, video streaming, prioritizedtransmission, wireless networks, and cross-layer optimization. The study highlights the aspect of network coding in increasing both the video quality and throughput over a wireless network for video streaming. This article cross-references various journal articles on relevant topics, which makes it easy to explode detailed information about contents of interest. Its concentration regards discussions that propose network coding and scheduling scheme for transmitting several video streams over a wireless mesh network. The know how mainly comes from the curr ent researches, which claim; network coding can increase throughput contrary to broadcast media through integrating packets obtained from diverse flows. Consequently, resulting to increased information content per transmission owing to the keen selection, which its basis is the decoding capacity concerning different network codes prior the main commencement. In comparing the former design and recent, the latter is more advantageous, since its information content per transmission is adequate or not limited thus, yielding to video quality of up to 5dB. In addition, the recent design possesses an extensive advancing capacity, which usually has similar MAC throughput levels. It is certain that, this work bridges the gap between the two approaches. Finally, the paper serves as an essential reading, which can help me gain deep knowledge regarding video streaming and network coding. Hence, act as supplement to the already attained knowledge towards the intended research. H. Seferoglu, A. M arkopoulou, U. C. Kozat, M. R. Civanlar and J. Kempf, â€Å"Dynamic FEC Algorithms for TFRC Flows,† in IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 12 pp. 869-885, Dec. 2010.   Star rating:   5 Stars: Paper is a leading paper for my research. I need clearly to comprehend how my research builds on this research. Key words: Application Layer FEC, Congestion Control, Video

Prcis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prcis - Essay Example e in the industrialized world, people are growing more dependent on new gadgets, the notion of perpetual growth, chemically fertilized food and drugs that are synthesized chemically. The letter also warns that the present generations are wrongly informed that using fossil energy without consideration for the future is normal. It is shown that the problem with the current use of energy is that more energy is spent to put the technologies in place than is actually produced by the technologies. The realization by governments and politicians that fossil energy is exhaustible is what has led to enmity between high consumers of energy and the supplying nations, often culminating in military aggression and economic depression. Present generations are adviced that turning to solar energy is the best way to guarantee continuous, non-exhaustible energy, but also warned that solar energy cannot support the entire requirements of people that are virtually dependent on energy for livelihoods. Then, the cutting down of ancient forests must stop and the anti-biotech, anti-nuclear, conservation and organic food gardening movements stepped up. On the other hand, Bob Holmes’ Earth without Humans portrays humans as the earth’s most predominant species and imagines what the planet would be like without them. For example, the average eco-footprint, in terms of hectares, is placed at 9.7 for a single US citizen (Holmes 39). Humans have consumed over one third of the planet’s land surface for pastures, farmland and cities in slightly over a few thousand years. The results are messy and include chemical pollution, nuclear waste, mass extinctions, invasive species, drained aquifers, razed forests and, most significantly, the threatening specter of climate change. The document suggests that the earth’s outlook would start getting better once humans are removed from the picture. For instance, 18.7 percent of the earth’s surface would be rescued from the present effects of light

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 38

Assignment Example Chronic stress causes a harm to the body as it cant keep supporting the stress response. 2. The fight or flight response describes the bodys reaction to stress and includes increased heart and lung rates, blood vessel dilation, and other measures that will aid in a fight or escape situation. 3. General adaptation syndrome refers to the bodys response to stress over time. It is commonly divided into three parts including alarm (excitation of the response), resistance (prolonging the response), and exhaustion/recovery (can cause damage if exhaustion is extended due to chronic stress). 5. Some physical ways to avoid stress are regular exercise and eating healthy. Avoiding negative people and gaining enjoyable employment are social approaches to stress avoidance. Environmentally, stress may be reduced by building strong family relations and choosing a healthy partner, and psychological tools include keeping priorities in perspective and avoiding the repression of negative emotions. 6. The two hormones secreted during the stress response (and their functions) are cortisol (increases blood sugar, depresses immune system, and aids in metabolism) and norepinephrine (increases heart rate, triggers sugar release, and increases oxygen supply to the brain). 1. The five main components of fitness (and how they impact health) are cardiovascular fitness (heart and lung oxygen delivery ability), muscular strength (force muscle can exert), muscular endurance (how long muscles can exert force repeatedly or for one period), flexibility (how long muscle will lengthen without damage), and body composition (fat percentage especially has impact on health). 2. Three differences between aerobic and anaerobic energy production include the use of oxygen in aerobic but not anaerobic respiration, more energy is produced through aerobic respiration, and aerobic energy production results in the formation of water molecules. 4. Ten (of many) negative

Artical Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Artical - Article Example This document examines the significance of learning and classroom to the students. The relationship between student and the teachers affect the learning outcome in the classroom environment. Learning requires an interactive environment where both the learner and the tutor respect each other and create a peaceful and enabling learning atmosphere (Berliner & Calfee, 2013). Teachers have a responsibility to instill discipline in class, and the students take a keen interest in what they are taught. The discipline and respect between the learners and the teacher influence the communication between them and what the students can achieve (Berliner & Calfee, 2013). The teacher has a duty to manage the learning environment in the either in the classroom. Therefore, teachers play a vital role in education by influencing the learning environment and the outcome of the learning. Thinking about education and class invokes the role of teacher in establishing an enabling environment. The role of a teacher cannot be exaggerated because without the teacher there is little learning and students cannot achieve their targets. The teacher is concerned in giving guidelines to the students in order to achieve an individual target (Berliner & Calfee, 2013). They organize learners in the classroom and focus their mind towards a particular target. Learning is only possible through adequate instructions from the teachers on how to achieve specific goals. Teachers must be active in planning for various instructions on a given subject in order to achieve the learning goal (Berliner & Calfee, 2013). They ensure students can follow up what they are taught in the classroom and relate it to their specific goals in order to achieve the best outcome. Effective learning is possible through a well-designed classroom curriculum. The teacher has a responsibility to break down the learning

Human Resource Management 2 (MASTER) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Human Resource Management 2 (MASTER) - Essay Example There are some who argue against peternity leave as being a valid HR benefit, however despite these criticisms, there is enough evidence available which illustrates that peternity benefits could be used to reduce turnover and satisfy employees’ needs both psychological and sociological. This report offers considerably more advantages to peternity leave policy implementation than disadvantages. Reward employees for accomplishing organisational objectives, as part of a performance management package, by offering additional peternity leave days-off in the event of future issues with qualifying pets. type of leave in an effort to improve retention and also enhance the public reputation of the company while also satisfying a variety of stakeholder interests. This has made peternity leave a potential topic of interest for improving the business’ human resources policies regarding employee benefits. The purpose of this report is to identify the viability of establishing a similar peternity leave policy at the company in an effort to enhance business reputation and employee retention. The impact of establishing such a new benefits policy on total organisational performance is the main focus of this report. The report consulted with a wide variety of case studies and secondary literature in the domain of human resources management and psychology to uncover whether establishing a new peternity policy would be of long-term value to the company. Virgin Mobile Australia has established its own version of peternity leave to include specific criteria for being able to take advantage of this policy. First, it is only available to employees when they are introducing a new puppy or kitten to the family household and the pet must not be older than 10 weeks (Moran, 2009). Additionally, this leave does not apply to rats, fish or other pets such as snakes and iguanas (Moran). It is apparent that Virgin Mobile Australia recognises the

Islamic cultures Essay Example for Free

Islamic cultures Essay 1.   Islamic cultures in the European Middle Ages were comparably more advanced and better than the Christianity.   Islamic cities in the Middle Ages were thriving and became the centers of trade and economy. Islamic merchants bought and sold goods from across Africa, Asia and Europe.   New technologies such as windmill, block printing as well as new methods of weaving, which were developed in China were brought to Europe by Islamic merchants. Moreover, Islamic cultures during this period were considered mixed and multi-ethnic as it borrowed from the cultures of the people that Muslims conquered or interacted during trading.    Greek works by early scientists and mathematicians were interpreted into Arabic and used by Islamic Arabs.   Islamic cities also became centers for art and learning. Since Islamic society during the Middle Ages valued scholarship Islamic cities became major sites of major libraries and scholarships. 2.   Europe provided a route and area for Islamic culture to flourish. In terms of trade, Europe provided the Islamic empires with raw materials while Asia became the center of trade and commerce.   Europe also became an avenue of the both Islam and Christianity.   Initially, Islam swept mostly all throughout Asia and Europe on the other hand was mainly dominated by Christianity.   But eventually, Islam conquered Europe as well which led to the conversion of many parts of Europe into Islam particularly Spain.   Islamic Europe were also comparable far more superior to those among European Christians, and Islamic cultures were responsible for bringing Asian innovations into Europe.

Impact of New Media Technology on International Law

Impact of New Media Technology on International Law To what extent can it be argued that new media technologies have impacted on the structure of international news? The concept of globalization has changed the way or perhaps the structure of international news and represents a key component in the media transformation. It implies that the new media technologies plays an important role in enhancing globalization by allowing mass flowing of information between countries and intercultural societies. However, the rise of citizen journalism and internet seems to challenges the traditional way of international news structure. First of all, globalization has made an impact on the editorial structure and content in international news structure. Globalization is best describes as a transformation process while the development of new media technologies like internet and satellite system is an important part it. Flew (2007) describes globalization as a process rather an outcome or a collective tendencies of economic, political, social and cultural relations across nation’s border. Therefore globalization creates new forms of international journalism, the political ideas, economic events and communication spread much more easily and widely than before. The global news system is driven by technology and spread through the different media form such as international news broadcasts, televisions programming, internet and even satellite radio broadcasting. In fact, Kperogi (2011) points out that foreign news and local news continues to co-exist but become networked and blended together, creating new form of j ournalism. However audience are still basically primarily concern on their own national news while national interests are still the main aspects in journalism. Holm (2001) agreed that the content in the international news structure was always about political and economic event in foreign countries. In that case, this foreign news is facing competitive pressures with the other sensualizes and entertainment news. However with the new media technologies such as satellite and cable system, more and more people are getting concerned about the issues happened around the globe. Foreign news is now known as global news; therefore new agencies have the need to expand news productions and developed a more professionalism practices in the news coverage. Reese (2010) argues that international news agencies have to position themselves within transnational relationships, while maintaining their norms and logics to engage with the local practices. CNN as an example, an US based satellite and cable channel, now has a specific column for international news coverage such as Africa, Asia, Europe and Middle East in the website. Therefore the selection of international news must not just reflect global interests but also address to the local community. Likewise, globalization as a post-modern world phenomenon has eventually the shaped the role and practice of journalists to mediate the news between the nation and the global interest. As Volkmer (1999) argues that the globalization and journalism has reflected the new categories of media, practice, professionals, and content which they need to redefine into global perspective. Todays, every media people have the computer and internet access to international 24 hours news feed. The digitalization of information and the development of new media technologies with the capacity to store the information and permitting the convergence of information have contributed in spreading a global agenda. This evolution of news system has been seen in some of the international news agencies in the past 19th century such as Reuters and AP which had become the emergence of today’s modern global news system. Journalists and reporters are assigned throughout all over the world even the war zone l ike Palestine and Iraq with the objective to cover and report any significant live event happened in the country. The transformation in the structure of international news communication has created the perception of a shrinking world through intercultural connectivity. Thus people are getting more concern with the global news, especially when it has huge political, economic and social impact to the world. New media technologies allow the people to access to foreign news, while breaking news, live event and exclusivity have resulted changing demand in international news coverage. The reason is because people always wanted to be the first to know what is happening and it must be huge, example like the 911 incidents the people around the world are able connect to live news reporting but also in the same time they have also witnessed the second terrorist plan attack during the news reporting in the their TV screen as it is happening. International news reporting has expanded widely and can be received throughout the world. CNN, Al-Jazeera and even BBC do not just exist in their origin country; foreign operational offices also have been established across the world. Therefore, it could be argued that new media technologies and the Internet have stimulated this interconnectedness between countries and lead to the rapid spread of information, news, content and programming. Furthermore as the media corporations expand globally, the structure and content in the international news become more and more saturated which people have been bombarded by different kind of political reinscribed messages. Basically, media consists of propaganda potential to narrow down the range of ideas in the public sphere and restrict debate among the citizens. McComb Shaw (1997) describes media has the powerful influence in determine the agenda and highlight certain issue in the society. With new media technologies, these effects certainly become global and visible especially throughout this cultural sensitivity world. To illustrates this, Israel-Palestinian and middle-east conflicts are now the international central agenda, by consistently highlighting and broadcasting on going live events such as the war in Israel and Palestine, the international media create a new form of public sphere and awareness. However as media grow in scale and centrality in international news report ing, the degree to which media constructs the agenda in news become an issue. Reese (2009) argues that the notion of globalization leads to another way to describe Americanization, cultural imperialism and transnational capitalism. One of the assumptions is that the international news agencies are very much controlled by the political elite group in the western countries. Neither do they are not covering enough news in the developing countries, the international news are still very much constructed in a very selective and biased way. Furthermore, due to the commercialised and privatisation in the media, the competition among those media tycoons has been reduced to few with media corporations are largely concentrate on fewer owner. Therefore media today are moving across national borders and building alliances with local forms through conglomeration and integration. One of the very good examples perhaps would be News Corporation owned by Rupert Murdoch. With the subsidiaries in Europ e, United States of America, Asia and Australia, Murdoch has successfully expanded his global media empire through the establishment of satellite TV systems (Flew, 2007). The international media system today is largely owned by Western Corporations, with not even single one is coming from developing countries. It would be wise to say that the current international news agenda is imbued with westernised ideology. For instances, the participation of the minority group such as the African American are very much underrepresented in the media while the hunger and poverty in South Africa seldom been highlighted in the international news agenda. It is perhaps these international agenda does not seem to create a political and economy interest to the westernised country. On the hand, the conflicts happened in the Islamic middle-east countries have been the central of the international news. This is because these people who own these technologies of satellite and cable system as well as the r esources are basically the white magnates, who have the tied relationship with the ruling class members. Thus they have the direct power to control the content and agenda in international media. From the political economy perspective, new media technologies has been seen as propaganda tools by these political elite groups members to spread their ideology into international level. The international news agenda somehow has been pre-constructed by the representatives such as journalists, editors and political figures to protect the dominant westernised ideology. Despite the media conglomeration impacted on the international news agenda, the rise of the new internet phenomenon, the citizen journalism, seems to challenge the traditional way of international news cover. In fact, Goode (2009) defines citizen journalism as a range of web-based practices whereby ordinary user engages in journalistic practices. These practices include current affairs blogging, photo and video sharing and even posting eyewitness opinion on current events in social network. Indeed, new technologies has eventually changed the practices of journalism while new digital media such as Facebook, Twitter, DIGG and even The Huffington Post have connected the world and lower the distinctions between professional journalists and netizen. Likewise Dahlgren (2005) points out that the internet has the potential to democratize the current public sphere and lead to strengthened political interest and participation among the citizens in a long term effect. With computerized technolo gy, satellite TV and the Internet have contributed to the cost-effective communication which it stimulates the home-made news production phenomenon among the citizens without the contents of being filtered by the gatekeeper. Citizens can often report breaking news more quickly than traditional news agencies. Social media like Twitter and Facebook enable a powerful form of citizen journalism with live coverage of events such as the war in Israel and Gaza as it is happening. It is perhaps citizen journalism has been act as form of pre-alert form of news. As Reese et. al. (2007) argues that blogging and other social media have helped create an interlocking dialog between professionals and citizens. In fact, rather than competing against each other, professional media seems to take citizen journalism into account and are responsible to embrace their efforts. CNN with new media technologies allows the people around the world have to opportunity to contribute the unfiltered or uncensored video and text-based news report (Kperogi, 2011: 319). Furthermore this digitalised form of news allows rapidly retransmitted effect throughout the world while commentaries were available in the social media platform (E.g. Youtube video-sharing to Facebook). Such news and information sharing phenomenon eventually contribute to the development of meta-journalism, and offer diverse range of alternatives news sources in the internet. Therefore social media established a healthy form of public sphere where individual opinion can be heard and dialogue between the citizen and social institution could be formed. In this sense, the international news agencies sometimes do rely on the information from the citizens, especially when they do not have direct access or footage to the news coverage of the event. Professional sometimes selects and edits user-generated content before it actually published online. Indeed new digital media beyond most of the media regulation and gatekeeper control enable to create democratic practices in international news structure. However the practices of citizen journalism still remains scrutiny. Goode (2009) argues that the online communities lack of professionalism and credibility in this participatory news production. Although internet enable new form of public sphere, by creating the opportunity to publicize criticisms and comments, and to engage in a continuous dialogue, the accuracy of the news still much be questioned. This is because everyone on the internet can write and post anything about any issues in the internet. Unlike the professional journalism, the news without gatekeeper can be written without based on any facts, while the photo footage we seen on the internet might not be true and have been reconstructed by any computer tools like Photoshop and Video editor. Basically citizen journalism does not empower individual in any perspective. Again with the Israel-Gaza conflicts, the citizens in the country used twitter to routinely update about the news with the Hashtag features available (e.g. #IsraelGaza), but it still would not change anything. Therefore the credibility and objectivity of citizen journalism somehow still need to examine. In conclusion, international news structure has been deeply affected by the new media technologies in the process of globalization. Media, practice, professionals, and content have to restructure into global perspective. While majority of the international news agency are owned by Western Corporation, new media technologies are essential propagate to shape the ideological agenda into international level. The rise of citizen journalism on the other hand creates the opportunity for the public participation in news production which public opinion and dialogue between the citizen and social institution could be formed. Therefore, new media technologies to certain extent still plays a critical role in helping international news organization act as a watchdog to monitor issues around the world. References DAHLGREN, P. (2005) ‘The internet, public spheres, and political communication’, Political Communication, 22:2, 147–62. FLEW, T. (2007) Understanding global media: Globalization and global media corporations, Palgrave: London. GOODE, L. (2009) Social news: citizen journalism and democracy, New Media Society, 11, 1287-1305. HJARVARD, S. (2001) News media and the globalization of the public sphere in in HJARVARD, S. (2001) News in a globalized society, Nordicom: Goreborg, 113-128. HOLM, H. (2001) ‘The effect of globalization on media structures and norms: globalization and the choice of foreign news’ in HJARVARD, S. (2001) News in a globalized society, Nordicom: Goreborg, 113-128. KPEROGI, F. (2011) Cooperation with the corporation? CNN and the hegemonic cooptation of citizen journalism through iReport.com, New Media society, 13, 314-329. McCOMBS, M. E., Shaw, D. L. (1997) Communication and Democracy: Exploring the intellectual frontiers in agenda-setting theory, Mahwah, N.J. Lawrence Erlbaum. Reese, S. D., Lou Rutigliano, Kideuk Hyun Jaekwan Jeong (2007) Mapping the blogosphere: Citizen-based media in the global news arena, cited in REESE, S. (2010) Journalism and globalization, Sociology Compass, 4: 6, 344-353. REESE, S. D. (2009) The future of journalism in emerging deliberative space, Journal: Theory, Practice and Criticism, 10: 3, 362-364. REESE, S. D. (2010) Journalism and globalization, Sociology Compass, 4: 6, 344-353. VOLKMER, I. (1999) News in the global sphere: A study of CNN and its impact on global communication, cited in REESE, S. (2010) Journalism and globalization, Sociology Compass, 4: 6, 344-353.

Stem Cell Research Essay -- Current Events Argument Research Science E

Stem Cell Research Works Cited Not Included Stem cell research is a highly controversial topic that may hold the key to developing a cure for many cancers and diseases. In 1998, a group of scientists developed a technique to isolate and grow stem cells. The field is extremely new when compared with other fields. A few things need to be discussed before an argument can be made for or against stem cell research, the types of stem cells, the potential uses, and where funding should come from. There are many different types of stem cells and each one has a different role in promoting breakthroughs in the many diseases that can possibly be cured. All stem cells, including the embryonic and adult, have three properties in common: unspecialization, proliferation, and differentiation. Stem cells predilection towards being unspecialized entails it cannot do specialized functions like pump blood through the body or carry molecules of oxygen through the bloodstream. The process of replication, or dividing and renewing, for long periods of time is known as proliferation and normally does not occur in muscle, blood, nerve, or other types of cells. Differentiation occurs when internal signals trigger unspecialized stem cells to give rise to specialized cell. The two fundamental types of stem cells are embryonic and adult stem cells. Although the embryonic and adult stem cells have lots in common, they also have some differences, for example, embryonic stem cells can proliferate for a year or more in the laboratory with out differentiating, but most adult stem cells cannot (NIH Basics 1, 3-4). Embryonic stem cells are derived from four to five-day-old in vitro fertilized eggs, never from eggs fertilized in a women's body, d... ...on pro-life. We took something that was going to be destroyed and isolated cells from it that could improve the lives of people suffering from disease and trauma. I don`t know of any scientist who thinks this was a bad idea or that it should not have been done (Doug Melton Releases New Stem Cell Lines, 2)." The possibilities of curing so many diseases by far out ways the "ethical questions" that are easily fixed. Despite the touchy side of the stem cell controversy, that has poised some difficulties for scientists. Many remarkable discoveries have already been made. Stem cells quite possibly could hold a cure for everything from baldness to a variety of cancers to birth defects (NIH basics 1, 2). The limited amount of federal funding is restraining research though. Research on stem cells raises ethical questions as rapidly as it generates new discoveries.

Child Behavioral Case Study Essay -- Psychology Learning Children

Child Behavioral Case Study 1) General Information: Student name: Larry Date of Testing: Grade: 1 Date of Birth: Chronological Age: School: 2) Reason for Assessment: is currently having difficulties with learning and behavior. frequently is out of his throughout the day, and answers aloud before being called on to give the answers and struggles to follow directions. also has learning difficulties in reading decoding and reading comprehension. 3) Background Information: lives with is grandparents, parents and one younger sister. Grandparents speak Spanish. Parents and children speak Spanish and English. had been ill frequently during first grade and missed a number of days of school. Parents indicated enjoys school. 4) Prereferral findings: The teacher has been using district reading series, cooperative grouping for reading activities, using card to follow while reading, cueing before asking questions as well as sticker chart for hand raising and working while in his seat, which has helped. 5) Assessment observations: Sensory Abilities: No problem noted Language: Flight of ideas Apprehension: No problem noted Behavior during testing: Impulsive Responses Distractibility: Attention to external stimuli Reaction to wrong Responses: Persist Motor Activity: Fidgets, Squirms General Attitude: Alert, Friendly Motor Ability: Quick motor execution Cooperativeness: Responsive 6) Assessment Rules: 1) Behavior Rating Profile (BRP-2) is test that ha...

Free Huckleberry Finn Essays: Ignorance :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Ignorance While there are many themes expressed in the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn one makes a stronger presence by its continued, if not redundant display of itself. Far too often in society people's lack of knowledge on a given subject causes their opinions and actions to rely strictly on stereotypes created by the masses. This affliction is commonly known as ignorance. This is curable but people have to become open-minded and leave their reliance on society's viewpoints behind them. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, the ignorance of society becomes extremely evident at many parts of the book. Society forms ideals for all walks of life and then lets them become like stone in their minds. Thus, once a person has been put into a group they will remain there forever. The ignorance of society is clearly seen when one looks at Huck Finn, Jim the Slave, Pap, and the senseless violence of the Grangerfords and the Shepardsons. Many people see Huckleberry Finn as a mischievous boy who is a bad influence to others. Society refuses to accept Huck as he is and isn’t going to change its opinions about him until he is reformed and civilized. The Widow Douglas and Miss Watson try to "sivilize" Huck by making him stop all of his habits such as smoking, etc. They try to reverse all of his teaching from the first twelve years of his life and force him to become their stereotypical good boy. The rest of the town also refused to view him as good and he was considered undesirable. The only time that the town's people are able to put away their views of Huck was when there was excitement to be found, like when they all crowded on the steamboat to see if the cannons can bring Huck's body to the surface. Everyone got interested in him and tried to show that they cared about him, but this is only after he is presumed dead. They take on these views to follow society in its ignorance. Few of them would have cared abou t Huck before because they didn't know him and didn't want to know him, but since taking interest in mysteries was the popular thing to do, society did it. Although Huck is viewed in an ignorant light, he was also in accordance with this novel and very ignorant himself.

Moral Truth

Moral Truth What is Moral truth? In Sam Harris’ book â€Å"The Moral Landscape†, he explains his ideas on moral truth. He explains that moral truth is so complex because of personal whim, and cultural influence. He explains his ideas of moral truth through science, objective and subjective, and consensus and consciousness. With these ideas Harris is able to define moral truth to his best ability, because it is such a difficult subject to understand. In the chapter on moral truth, Harris explains moral truth with the use of science.He states in the book â€Å"science can, in Principe, help us understand what we should do, and should want-and, therefore, what other people should do and want in order to live the best lives possible. â€Å"In other words, He believes that like science, there are right and wrong answers to moral truth. He then explains that science should help us answer moral questions. His other idea is that science is based on our best guess of what it i s and moral truth is the same. Moral truth is also just our best guess of what is right and wrong.Harris is trying to say that moral truth, like science, can have a framework in which we believe is correct, but can always change. Harris explains in the book that the terms â€Å"objective† and â€Å"subjective† are very different. Objective means that a person is using to bias when they are making a statement. He uses the example of having a ringing in his ear. This is a subjective statement, however, is objective because he is not lying. From this idea of the ringing in the ear, he explains that this is a way that we can study depression.We can determine brain states with reference, to person’s subjective thoughts. Finally in the chapter, he explores the ideas of consensus and consciousness. He explains that scientific consensus as scientific controversy that work needs to be done. For example, â€Å"moral controversy proves that there can be no such thing as m oral truth while moral consensus shows only that human beings often harbor the same biases† this idea is basically saying that often people will think differently than others and this creates bias among people.Harris explains that truth has nothing to do with moral consensus, because often one person can be right, while a crowd is wrong. Harris then goes on to explain his ideas on consciousness. He explains that people have moral truth because they are conscious creatures. His understanding of a conscious being is that â€Å"consciousness is only intelligible domain of value. † All in all, Harris believes that moral truth is similar to science because it must be backed up by evidence and often consists of educated guesses.He explains that objective and subjective are very different, however; can often be used in the same ways. Finally, consensus and consciousness outline the basis of moral truth, because without them moral truth would not exist according to Harris. He b elieves that consensus means that only humans can have the same bias, and consciousness shows that only people with consciousness can have moral truth.

Roles, Responsibilities, Learning, Development and Assessment in the Life Long Learning Sector

My roles and responsibilities as a teacher include many factors, which I will be going through in this report. As my background is a hairdresser, I am looking to teach in the hairdressing sector. My learners would ideally be 16-19 year olds aspiring hairdressers, although there could be the exception of mature adult learners, so I would need to bare this in mind when teaching to ensure I cater to all individuals. The majority of my learners would also be girls with again maybe the exception of some boys. As my group sector is very narrow, which just a few exceptions, this could be a barrier for those individuals. For example if there is only 1 boy in a classroom full of girls, he could feel uncomfortable or intimidated. Initially I would need to assess the situation myself, and then ensure in my lesson plan I include methods of inclusive learning. There could be many other barriers that learners could face for example, the environment, confidence, bullying, basic skills, and home problems. So it would be my responsibility to tackle these barriers with solutions immediately, such as setting a clear contract at the start of the lesson, making the environment comfortable for the learners, making it fun and inclusive, and even sign posting. As I have already mentioned above some group sector issues that I may encounter, there could also be other issues such as pregnancy. In situations like this I would need to offer advice to learners and sign post them to people who could help. I would need to make sure I always safeguard myself and keep to my contract of employment rules. I would need to help where I can, and offer advice, and signpost where I cant. For this I would need to assess individual needs at an early stage so that I can help, and mentor them throughout their training course. The main aim as a hairdressing teacher is to be able to pass on knowledge through practical and theory learning. There are 3 main learning styles; visual (seeing and reading), auditory (listening and speaking), and kinaesthetic (touching and doing). I believe all 3 are very important in the hairdressing sector. I would need to include all 3 learning styles because we as hairdresser’s need to see exactly what we are dealing with for example, hair colour, hair style, hair conditions. We would also need to listen to our client needs, and offer advice. And finally our role is very practical, so we are always touching hair and doing things. Overall as I teacher I would need to be able to teach using all 3 styles so that learners can get used to this. However I would need to bare in mind that some learners may learn better using one learning style to another, for example, they might learn better by watching a demonstration rather than having a theory handout. In that case I would offer them more support on the theory side of things. But in general if I use all 3 learning styles I have a better chance to cater for all individuals. As well as learning styles we also have to look at different teaching methods or activities. These could be things like lectures, group work, presentations, fieldwork, work placements, Q&A and case studies. Within the hairdressing sector what we use quite heavily are work placement, and practical work. This gives the learner a chance to gain some crucial hands-on experience of the working world. In terms of the theory side of hairdressing, we use a lecture styled method where learners can gain information, write notes etc. While using all these methods it is important to have a fun, bubbly and relaxed attitude in which learners can feel comfortable, and it allows their personality to come through. Getting everyone involved in group activities, gathering everyone around in demonstrations, all this promotes inclusive learning. It is very important for me to promote this behaviour as it demonstrates a level of good characteristics that they would later on need in the hairdressing industry. I would also make the lesson interactive by using various resources; such as you tube clips, live demonstrations, flip charts, and power point, which would all be relevant in its own matter. For example, the use of power point when going through head and face shapes, or demonstrations when showing hair colouring. Another big responsibility of mine would be dealing with legislations. The Health and safety at work act 1974 and the COSHH act 1989, play a strong role in the hairdressing sector as well as many others. Some of the things that we have to deal with daily are, hazardous chemicals, infections, skin tests, loose objects and wiring hanging around, and hair waste. I would need to make sure risk avoidance procedures are in place such as wearing gloves when dealing with hazardous chemicals, having barbercide on the salon floor so tools can be cleaned after each client to stop the spreading of infections. As well as doing that, it is also my responsibility to have a risk assessment regularly. This could just be as simple as if I can see hair waste on the floor, I would need to make sure its swept up immediately, or If there is spillage of chemicals, or colour left out in a bowl, I would have to get that cleaned up straight away. We also have to be aware of The Data protection act 1984 as we have many records that we need to keep. As teachers we always have to keep records in order to keep ourselves backed up. We would need to be able to provide evidence to governing bodies and clients, for when we have audits and even for self-development. Things such as attendance records, progress reports, assessment records and client records are all record keeping and we need to ensure its all backed up and that they are stored away safely, in either something locked up, or password protected. As we are dealing with client records like name, address, hair history, this also needs to be kept confidential, and only authorised people should be allowed to see this information. The Equality act 2010 is also very important. Equality seems to imply that everyone will be treated the same way, however when dealing with learners with different needs, abilities, backgrounds and so on, from a teachers point of view its all about providing each learner equal opportunity to achieve the goal. An example of this would be if an individual is struggling with keeping up with a detailed power point presentation maybe because he is dyslexic or visually impaired, in this case as I teacher I would need to make it fair for him by giving out handouts. In order to make sure we are treating learners equally in accordance to their needs and abilities, it is vital to do interim assessments. Such assessments could be things like observation, 121’s, monitoring, and group work. This gives me a better understanding on what learners have achieved and what more they need to learn. Within my role I would probably use observation the most, as it is a quick and reliable method to use as we do quite a lot of practical work. For example when everyone is doing a practical such as setting the hair I can easily observe them and assess who is doing well, and what learners may need extra help etc. Or when doing an interim assessment on their theory work I could have 121’s and chat about what they have achieved and what more they need to do, I could get feedback from them if they are struggling with any work etc. gain this is a valid and reliable assessment method. Once I have assessed my learner I am then able to adapt to that and work on those areas. For example if I set a task for learners to weave highlights and I can see that they are struggling with sectioning, I might bring everyone around or see them individually and go through how to section accurately. When doing summative assessments in hairdressing, they are again split in two. We have the practical as sessments where we use methods such as observation or photographic evidence for their portfolio. And on the other hand for the theory we have methods such as multiple choice, project work, and problem scenarios. Before we even begin assessing we need to make the methods we use are; fair, valid, reliable, and current. That is why we have different kinds of assessments for practical and theory, because where a photographic evidence might be valid to show that a learner can change a clients hair colour, that may not be valid or reliable to show that the learner understands the colour wheel or mixing of colour. Between an observation and a photographic I would say an observation is better. The reason is because it ticks all the boxes in terms of it being fair, valid reliable and current, because you can see for yourself whether the learner completed the assessment within the timescale, whether they struggled, or even whether that was all there own work. However the only downside of the observation assessment would be it can be very time consuming, it might cause problems being able to visit salons to assess learners at a work placement. On the other hand photographic is valid however not very reliable but its advantage is that it is very quick, easy and simple. The other method of assessment we use a lot to understand whether a learner has understood knowledge of colour is by giving them a multiple choice test. This is a fair and valid method, however I wouldn’t say it is very reliable because learners could just take a guess. At the end of each lesson for me it is important to get feedback, evaluate and reflect on the session. I encourage learners to ask any questions, or we may even have a discussion. We also share good practice for example one learner may have found it easier to do a task a particular way, and by sharing this with others it could help others achieve the same goal. We always reflect on each lesson where I revisit the objectives set at the start of the lesson, this gives the learners and myself a sense of achievement. Some learners may even want to discuss other matters such as development, or other problems that they are facing, so I need to give them that time and advise them, or signpost them to other authorities. Feedback is also valued, so that I myself could perhaps change or improve things in future lessons.

Malware, Spyware And Adware Essay

How do we get Spyware How Spyware operates Spyware effects Man In Middle attack Counter-Measures Anti-Malware Techniques Bibliography Introduction: From the early days of cracking passwords and stealing information from personal computers, to deadly Internet based attacks that can shake entire’s nation security, cyber crimes have evolved from the endeavors of entertainment by cyber kiddies to organized crimes and terrorist activities of cyber mafia. Virus Attacks, hacking, browser hijacks, spam, phishing and so on are various manifestations of malicious activities that have evolved on the internet in last couple of decades. Malware is one such tool that has emerged as a widely preferred choice to consummate criminal activities on the Internet. Malware is new genre of hostile software, written in a high level language. Normally they target technical vulnerabilities in the system. Spyware, adware, Trojans, virus, worms are very common form of Malware prevalent on the Internet. It propagates through emails, IM and other web services. It can be categorized into criminal and business malware. Criminal malware is used in cyber terrorism and vandalism; while business malware is used for business/monetary benefits. Spyware is a software program that collects personal information of the users without their formal consent. Unlike viruses and worms, spyware does not usually self replicate, or intrude into the system directly or spread from one system to another; instead, it intrudes into a system by deceiving the user or exploiting software vulnerabilities in a system. Once it gets into the system, its implications can range from disturbing to devastating. It propagates using personalization cookies, tracking cookies, Trojans, drive-by downloads, hacking and piggybacking. Malware: Along with viruses, malware is the biggest threat today to the computer users. It can hijack the browser, redirect search results, serve up pop-ups and many more. Malware stands for â€Å"malicious software† and is used to identify all unwanted and potentially unwanted software. We can get infected by malware in several ways. It often comes bundled with other programs (examples include kazaa and i-mesh). These are usually pop-up ads, that send revenue from the ads to the program’s authors. Others are installed from the website, pretending to be software needed to view the site. Its most destructive feature is that once we are infected with the malware, it tends to multiply!! Earlier, it was mainly written for the destruction of computers and their data but now a days malware development is a big business. It is mostly used as a tool for extorting money out of its victims. In the form of rogue security programs, these are used to convince uneducated computer users to purchase the removal software from the same people who have written it. The types of malware are: Adware- It is the class of software that monitors the internet use for known e-commerce sites. When a user attempts to reach a site, adware pops-up suggesting an alternate site which may or may not be legitimate. Porn Dialers- This software was used heavily during the days when modem was the primary mechanism for connecting to the internet. This used to silently disconnect a modem from its service providers and redial to another premium rate telephone number. The resulting phone number charges, usually that of far-removed countries, would be found by the user only on its next telephone bill. Backdoors- These are the software tools which are mostly used to bypass existing security mechanisms present in either operating system or any application. Exploits- It is a general term used to describe any software code that is specifically designed to take advantage of a known weakness in operating system or application code. When vulnerabilities exist on a system, the exploits can be created to grant attacker administrative privileges, disclose or destroy any data or complete any task. Key loggers- These are the original spyware. It is a type of malware that is mostly used to â€Å"spy† on the user of a system. One way to accomplish this is to log every keystroke typed into that system and then using that data to extract credit card & social security numbers and all other sensitive information. Trojans- It is software that illegitimately performs some action that is different than its stated purpose. It may appear to be a legitimate software package that accomplishes a task desired by the user but at the same time after installing it can also perform some illegitimate tasks like destroying personal data. Examples of malware: GAIN- It is one of the oldest and best known examples of malware, created by Claria company. webHancer- It is a spyware application that is commonly bundled with other programs. Upon installation, it starts a program that runs in the background and collect details of the webpages we visit. ISTBar- It is a combination of toolbar and hijacker. It installs a toolbar with search functions provided by slotch. com. Recent Attacks:- Katrina-themed Malware attack Hits the Net – – This malicious site hosted in Poland harbors a secondary line of attack designed especially to dupe windows users. It cynically offers a â€Å"free scan† for the zotob worm that in reality infects users. It also exploits well known IE vulnerabilities to install a variety of Trojans including Cgab-A, Borobot-Q etc. Most Recent Malware: Stealth Malware Stealth is a program that deliberately tries to conceal its presence in the system. It may try to hide changes it introduced in the system, including dropped files, file changes, running processes, registry settings etc. Malware Development Life Cycle- In recent years, malware has evolved in complexity to rival many decent sized software projects. This indicates an improvement in decent methodologies that enables malware producers to improve their output and capability to achieve maximum gain. Following are the steps generally deployed by the creators of malware to ensure its success: Get the malware onto the target system. Ensure the survival of the malware in the target system. Once establish engage its payload. There are several ways by which malware can be installed on the target machine. Some of these include websites or vulnerabilities in software installed on target machine. There are also actively spreading worms, which propagates via emails, peer to peer network, and IM. A growing trend is not to target vulnerabilities in software but to exploit the users of that software. Malware tricks the users and entice the user to download. One of the major requirement of malware is to remain undetected and viable once installed on the target machine. For this purpose the most common techniques used are compression and encryption. Now a days two more techniques are getting common i. e. code obfuscation and executable injectors. Once establish the main job of malware is to deliver the payload. This payload varies from malware to malware. Spyware- It is a type of malicious software that collects information from a computing system without his/her consent. It can capture keystrokes, screenshots, internet usage habit & other personal information. The data is then delivered to online attackers who sell it to others or use it themselves for marketing or identify theft. How do we get spyware:- The main culprits in spyware transmission are:- Unprotected web browsing – Many advertising companies send tracking files, called â€Å"cookies,† along with their banner, ads or provide â€Å"special offers† that, when clicked, install extra software without our consent. Peer-to-peer applications – Kazza Lite is a notorious carrier of spyware installation packages. Many MP3 sharing sites also cause spyware problems. Opportunistic â€Å"freeware† or â€Å"shareware† programs – Weatherbug is one such program which collects more information than it is authorized. Web browsers using cookies – Any web browser can permit spyware to be installed on clicking the page that installs it. Some legitimate commercial software – Windows Media Player and America Online are considered sources of spyware. Each installation of Windows Media Player includes a uniquely identifying number that is provided to Microsoft, and America Online installs additional software packages that report data usage to advertising companies. How Spyware operates: When keywords of interest like names of banks, online payment systems etc are observed, the spyware starts its data collection process. The most common area of interest for spyware is the data sent using HTTPS i. e. HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure. This HTTPS is mainly used for very sensitive data and uses Secure Socket Layers(SSL) & Transport Layer Security(TLS). Encryption using these SSL & TLS makes it difficult to intercept data during transmission but when spyware is running on the end user’s computer, it is collected before encryption. Man-In-Middle Attack Man in Middle Attack or Bucket Brigade Attack can be active as well as passiveform of eavesdropping. It is a type of attack in which the cyber criminal funnels communication between two users and none of the user is aware that the communication is being illegally monitored. The man in middle employ spyware that when loaded on the consumer’s computer redirects the web browser to the fake site. Countermeasures: Users/Organizations can formulate their anti-malware strategy depending upon the type and complexity of Malware attacks that they are exposed to, and the level of risk associated with such attacks. Different organizations use different tools and approaches to counter malware attacks. These tools and approaches are often based on their functionality, suitability and a cost. The two basic approaches are: Reactive Approach Proactive Approach Reactive Approach- It is an incident response process. In this method, once a problem is encountered, the investigation of the problem, analysis and findings remedy, and documenting the resolutions for future is done and that too mostly in same order. The existing anti malware tools available, identify the malware by scanning the computer executable files & check if any know malware have sneaked into the system. This is done by detecting programs that are making changes to the operating system registry. Here, there are only three alternatives for dealing with malware:- Running Malware removable tool to detect and repair malware. If, anti-malware tool fails, Malware can be removed manually by the administrator or formatting the system. Use anti-Malware tool to prevent them from entering the system. Proactive approach- In this approach, the Malware can be deleted even before they get executed. It can be done in following ways:- Apply latest firmware to hardware systems and routers as recommended by vendors. Apply latest security patches to server applications and other applications. Ensure recent anti virus software is running. Maintain a database that keeps track of what patches have been applied. Enable firewalls. Enforce strong password policies. Use Least-privileged user account(LUA). This will do less damage as compared to high privileged processes. Anti-Malware techniques: When a worm or virus starts spreading into the computer networks, one must be able to react quickly to minimize the outbreak and damage it can cause. Traditionally, organizations use firewalls and antivirus scanning tools in order to prevent Malware from entering the system. These tools are used as a protective wall between a node and its network and the internet. The main motive is to prevent malicious code from entering into the system. However, these firewalls & antivirus scanning tools and traffic monitors are not free from technical vulnerabilities, that can still be exploited by new generation Malware. Advanced Anti-Malware techniques: Integrating filters ‘with signatures’ – Having layers of application filter on the network, will increase the efficiency of the security tools. Advanced antivirus tools, firewalls, web and email filters can be clubbed together, with latest updates/patches to prevent Malware from entering the system. This approach reduces the probability of Malware intrusion to minimum possible. Though not zero. For example, Malware that attacks the web-browser normally bypasses the firewalls, but gets identified and deleted by web filters. Similarly, a new Malware whose signature is not there in any of the filters can still sneak into the network unnoticed. ‘Multi-Layered Defense’ without signatures- It is very much similar to the ‘Integrating Filters’ approach but the only differentiating factor is that they can detect any malware even without their definition or signatures. In the integrating filters with signature technique there is a vulnerability i. e. these are amenable to attacks by unidentified or reported Malware. To overcome that vulnerability ‘Malware without signature’ approach must be adopted. It includes following technologies.

Art and Philippine Literature Essay

How the Subject Philippine Literature Help the TIP Graduate Attributes? Many important things can be learned in the study of Philippine literature. Studying Philippine literature is important because these are reflections of history. Works of art and literature are not separate from history. In fact, these are intricately intertwined along with the contradictions in the society in a given point in time. Works of art and literature do not stand by themselves. Writers and artists are not creators who fashion words and works. These texts and pieces of art are products of the political institutions and ideological stance of the writers which are shaped by the social conditions. We, students, study literature so that we can better appreciate our literary heritage. We cannot appreciate something that we do not understand. Through a study of our literature, we can trace the rich heritage of ideas handed down to us from our forefathers. Then we can understand ourselves better and take pride in being a Filipino and future professionals. Like other races of the world, we need to understand that we have a great and noble tradition which can serve as the means to assimilate other cultures. Through such a study, we will realize our literary limitations conditioned by certain historical factors and we can take steps to overcome them. We will also learn the value of life and how can we interact with other people properly. Above all, as Filipinos, who truly love and take pride in our own culture, we have to manifest our deep concern for our own literature and this we can do by studying the literature of our country.

Developing and producing a visual project that reflects effective Essay

Developing and producing a visual project that reflects effective visual communication - Essay Example In this paper, I will reflect on the effectiveness of charts and graphs, shapes and color, cartoons and illustrations in visual communication. The ability to convince an audience is the main factor that determines the effectiveness of communication. According to Moriarty (1997), seeing promotes believing. This indicates that people tend to believe what they see than what they hear. I also found out that people would tend to remember more of what they saw than what they heard. Charts and graphs transform complex information into a form that an ordinary person can comprehend (Moriarty, 1997). It is also notable that most people are not conversant with numbers and figures. A graphical representation of a numerical figure or a chart representing a certain fraction or a percentage will have a greater impact on the audience than actual numbers or figures. In such cases, the effectiveness of the communication will depend on the ability of the audience to interpreter different information presented in a chart or a graph. The complexity of a chart or a graph determines the ability of the audience to grasp the intended message. I al so realized that the complexity of a graph or a chart depends on the size of various components in relation to their intended representation. Colors work hand in hand with shapes to enhance effectiveness in visual communication. Colors determine shapes and the attitude of an audience towards visual communication. Unlike other approaches to visual communication, colors have a psychological impact on the audience (Lester, 2006). I established that people have certain aspect or phenomenon that they associate with certain colors. Predetermination of a message based on the audience interpretation of different colors is the main fault in this approach. Assumptions made by various audiences on particular color make the audience to be less flexible to any alteration or the message passed through colors. I have also realized that in most

Murder of JonBenet Ramsey Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Murder of JonBenet Ramsey - Case Study Example Prior to the discovery of the body, the Ramsey's found a ransom note in the basement from â€Å"a foreign faction† demanding $118,000.00 for the safe return of Jon Benet (â€Å"JonBenet Ramsey Would Have Turned 22 Years Old This Week; Murder Case Remains Unsolved†, 2012). This particular piece of information pertaining to the ransom amount was a red flag for the police at the time. The amount was the exact amount that John had just received as a bonus earlier in the year, this coincidence led to the speculation that somehow, the person involved in the crime knew the Ramsey's on a personal level (Stuart, 2012). But without a follow up call on the ransom note, the Ramsey family decided that it would be in the best interest of all concerned to inform their family and friends of the situation while also preparing to follow the instructions for the ransom demand. The police began an intensive search for the child within hours only to have her father inform them that he had f ound the body of the child in the basement. The official cause of death is listed as asphyxiation due to craniocerebral trauma. But a more in-depth look at the autopsy records reveals that the child also suffered from a skull fracture and severe blunt trauma. Evidence gathered at the crime scene included a garrote made from tweed and the broken handle of a paintbrush that is believed to have been used to penetrate the child's vagina. Although there was penetration, the police could not accurately declare if sexual assault was one of the horrors that the child suffered in the hands of her abductors (Montaldo, 2013). Although a majority of the evidence collected by the police indicated that a stranger had caused the death of JonBenet, there were still certain things that led the district attorney to question the abduction theory because of the way the child's body was recovered at home. Somehow, the evidence that the DA was seeing did not add up to an abduction scenario. Rather, the s ights of the police investigating the case, and the media for that matter, then centered on the possibility that one or both parents of JonBenet had caused her death. Although the authorities and media fed the public lines that led those outside of the case to believe that Patsy and John had possibly murdered their daughter in cold blood, the courts saw otherwise. Patsy, who died of cancer in 2006, and John were exonerated by the federal courts in May 2003 due to lack of strong evidence to support the parent murderer theory (Montaldo, 2013). Their total exoneration came as new DNA evidence in the case was presented, proving that traces of DNA not belonging to family members was found on the preserved clothing of JonBenet (Gardner, 2010). With the discovery of new DNA evidence in the case, one can clearly see that, had the police not set upon a trial by publicity on the Ramsey's and concentrated instead on actual police investigation, they would have caught the actual perpetrator(s) in the case. During the course of the first investigation of the case, the police had conducted more than a few blunders that influenced the case and set upon creating a publicity machine using false leaked information to crucify the suffering parents instead. First of all, because Boulder, Colorado was known back then as a relatively peaceful and safe place for its

United Nations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

United Nations - Essay Example ome states together with other interest groups, for instance, have lobbied and convinced others to vote against certain issues of common good and interest of the US. For example, the US proposed amendment to change the Rome Statute so that they could join was opposed by many. These polarization and blocs have, therefore, undermined the original values stood for by the UN as an institution (Patrick & Forman, 2002). Despite these challenges, the UN remains one of the greatest platforms to implement the US multilateralism. With most major global threats such as nuclear and terrorism increasing, forums like the UN are, therefore, important for US. The above complications, therefore, results in the need for smart multilateralism. In implementing this, US have to make some hard decisions and determinations like asking for help but at the same time, not remaining vulnerable. Its leaders and policy makers in the diplomatic forums must also be strategic, consistent in their pursuit and remain respectful. While ensuring all these, they must still find avenues of preventing tyranny in voting blocs, thus, preventing countering its interest and weakening its priorities and efforts (Fallon & Gayle, 2010). In providing best options for achieving best outcomes, the US should, therefore, create a number of options such as; creating alternatives to the following issues of concern. Better human rights, community of democracies transformation, security structures and refurbishment of economic systems at the international levels (Fallon & Gayle, 2010). Fallon, W. J., & Gayle, H. D. (2010). Report of the CSIS Commission on Smart Global Health Policy: A Healthier, Safer, and More Prosperous World. Washington, D.C: Center for Strategic and International

Economics Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics Assessment - Assignment Example Gross Domestic Product (GDP) The GDP is an important primary economic indicator for assessing economic growth of a country as it impacts on the businesses, industries and people. The economic growth measured by comparison over a period of time indicates trends in the economy. GDP Real growth rate refers to GDP growth on an annual basis adjusted for inflation and measured on year-over-year basis. GDP real growth rate North Korea South Korea 2012 (est.) 2.7% 2011 (est.) 0.8% 3.6% 2010 (est.) -0.5% 6.3% 2009 (est.) -0.9% The GDP real growth rate of South Korea during 2010 to 2012 reflects the effect of slowdown in the international economy consequent upon the US subprime crisis and financial crisis in Europe due to its level of exposure to international trade. The strength of the country’s economy could be assessed meaningfully by comparing its GDP growth rates with the other developed countries’. ... The developing countries like India (4.5%) and China (7.9%) have higher GDP growth rates as they were not affected by subprime or European financial crisis. North Korea’s GDP growth compared to many of the developing and under-developed countries has been poor. The country had negative growth in 2009 and 2010 against good performances of several Asian and African countries during this period. The industrial development achieved by South Korea over the period of time is linked to its external trade and GDP growth as can be observed from the following table. External Trade of South and North Korea (USD 100 million) North Korea (A) South Korea (B) B/A 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 Trade Amount 41.7 63.2 8916.0 10796.3 213.8 170.8 (22.3) (51.3) (29.9) (21.1) Exports 15.1 27.9 4663.8 5552.1 308.9 199.0 (42.5 (84.2) (28.3) (19.0) Imports 26.6 35.3 4252.1 5244.2 159.9 148.6 (13.2) (32.6) (31.6) (23.3) Notes: 1) Excludes bilateral trade between North and South Korea. 2) Figures in par entheses represent rates of growth over the previous years. Source: The Bank of Korea, p. 6. â€Å"Historically, from 1971 until 2012, South Korea GDP Annual Growth Rate averaged 7.23 Percent reaching an all time high of 18.20 Percent in September of 1973 and a record low of -7.30 Percent in June of 1998. South Korea’s economy became one of the most diversified and technologically advanced in the world in the last 50 years† (Trading Economics, 2012). The sanctions imposed on North Korea by the US and European community has affected the country’s internal trade severely. Apart from South Korea, other trading partners of North Korea are mostly the developing nations of the world. The comparative performance of the two countries reflects the weakness in the political system

The legal nature of cards payment and the risk of insolvency Essay

The legal nature of cards payment and the risk of insolvency - Essay Example There exists a cutthroat competition that prevails in the credit card market in UK as there is a high level of card literacy among British consumers and this has resulted in the expansion of the market, with the number of cards and card transactions are showing a double-growth in recent periods in spite of global economic recession. Further, spending through credit cards in UK witnessed a dramatic increase and rose to ? 41 billion in 1995 from just ?10 billion in 1985 and then up to ? 101 billion in 2002.1 This research essay will analyse in detail about credit cards, debit cards, cheque cards, charge cards, etc. and the legal nature of the above cards and how they differ from each other and precaution to be undertaken by consumers while dealing with each type of cards in an exhaustive manner. Credit Cards Credit cards are issued based on the bank’s customer’s credit history, his total wealth and his income level. The credit limit starts from a few hundred pounds to man y thousands pounds. The client employs these cards to buy products and enjoy services or to get cash from the card service provider. The customer is expected to pay off his debt within the payment period and in case of any default, interest will accrue. Credit cards have some limitations as it could not be used for very large or very small payments. For small payments, credit cards cannot be used as it would not justify the cost of usage for the same. The credit cards will always have a security limit and due to security issues, these credit cards have a limit and cannot be used for large business transactions2. Secured Credit Cards Under collateralised or secured credit cards, the quantum of credit is decided by the quantum of liquid collateral one able to give and despite of one’s past bad credit history, credit cards are issued to applicants. Thus, secured credit cards are issued to those with bad credit history, people with no credit history or individuals who do not qual ify for traditional credit cards. To be eligible for this, a customer has to make a deposit usually for a ?500 or more for one year or 18 months by way of certificate of deposit with the issuing banker which holds it as a security. Then, the customer has the credit limit to the value of the deposit and if the customer makes a default, then, the bank may use the deposit to adjust against the outstanding. Despite the fact, these cards still attract annual fees and interest charges that are equivalent or greater than those of regular credit cards3. Cheque Cards Cheque cards are identical in general appearance and in size to that of credit cards and contain analogues similar details. All major British banks and Irish banks are issuing these types of cards. Under this category, the bank issues a card that bears the name of the bank, its address, the customer’s specimen signature and his name, a special cheque card account number and the credit limit applicable. The cheque card iss uing bank ensures to honour the cheques drawn by its customer in favour of third parties, provided the limit mentioned in the cheque card does not exceed the amount on each cheque. Before issuing the cheque cards, the banks should have to establish the creditworthiness of their customers4. It is being undertaken by the cheque card issuing bank that any cheque not exceeding a certain amount fixed by the bank will be honoured subject

Development in Cyprus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Development in Cyprus - Essay Example Because of its importance, many organizations have provided different meanings for the concept of CSR. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development has defined CSR in its publication 'Making Good Business Sense' as "the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large"(Internet, Other definitions). Hopkinssays that "CSR is concerned with treating the stakeholders of the firm ethically or in a responsible manner, and that stakeholders exist both within a firm and outside" (Hopkins, 2003, P 16). interest of organizations" (Andriof and Waddock, 2002, P 21). But it must be noted that the terms used in this definition such as obligation and welfare of society are very broad in meanings and invite a variety of interpretations. Carroll defines it in a much broader sense. He says: "The total corporate social responsibility of business entails simultaneous fulfillment of firm's economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities" (Nieuwenhuis et al, 2003, P 58). Carroll's Pyramid of CSR identifies the different levels at which a company can engage with society. They are economic (indicating profitability), legal (obeying the law), ethical (doing what is right) and philanthropic ( being a good corporate citizen). The Institute of Business Ethics describes CSR as "the voluntary actions taken by a company to address ethical, social and environmental impacts of its business operations and the concerns of its principle stakeholders" (Internet, what is IBE's definition of CSR). However, a survey of CEOs around the world has revealed that they have yet to reach a consensus on the definition of CSR though they have formulated their own definitions and recognized the importance of the concept in general (Internet, Baue, and February 1, 2002). 1200 CEOs from 33 countries have participated in this survey and most of them agreed unanimously on its relevance. When viewed overall, the meaning of CSR is very wide and interpreted in different angles. Most of the corporate companies feel that the concept of corporate social responsibility has gained 3 prominence in the last decade or so (Internet, Overall conceptual understanding), though some of them have nurtured these social responsibility ideas since the 1970s. For a few companies, the CSR has been the part of the very history of the company. The origin of CSR Europe The concept of corporate social responsibility has become an organized one for the first time in the world in 1995 with the launching of the CSR Europe by the then president of the European Commission Jacques Delors in association with several leading multinational companies (Internet, CSR Europe). Established with a motto of achieving profitability, sustainable growth and human progress through implementation of corporate social responsibility practices, CSR Europe has been seeking the active participation of corporate companies for achieving healthy and harmonious societies in all European countries. It has been

Listening to children and young people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Listening to children and young people - Essay Example Children who are capable of forming their own views have a right to receive and make known information they have through being attentively listened to, to effectively express their opinions, and to have those opinions taken into account in whatever matters affecting them. All views of the children ought to be given due weight in accordance to the age, maturity and capability of the children. According to Committee on the Rights of the Child (2009), all children with special education requirements are supposed to have a say in the roles of decision making in regards to their special education needs. Listening to the children and young ones do have very important concepts to be considered. Whoever interacts with children and young people should actually consider ensuring that they are able to benefit by growing up or developing uprightly. Through listening, adults are able to emphasize well with children by understanding the children’s inimitable thoughts, ideas, and feelings. Hence, there is creation of a child’s focused culture on communication. Effectively engaging with children and young people is very essential to Child, Youth and Family (CYF)’s task in supporting all families and adequately protecting children. By being in a position to understand the perspective of any child or young person is important in completing the assessment and development interventions. Demonstration of genuine interest in children or young people’s viewpoint, having a thorough understanding of the child/ young people’s personal development, and appreciating the environmental conditions which aid good communication with children, are so fundamental in genuine consultation and active inclusion of children in the decision making process. By ensuring that one is able to listen and try to understand children and the young people, he/she can help the child to develop the perceptions that they can be have some trust on you and come to you in case of anything to

BeckerKevinE2Phil100F2014 Essay Example for Free

BeckerKevinE2Phil100F2014 Essay Empiricism, or the belief that knowledge is achieved through the senses, was a popular belief amongst some of the greatest modern philosophers. Perhaps the most prominent Empiricists were John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume, all of whom are regarded as some of the most influential philosophers of the last 500 years. Each of those philosophers can be considered Empiricists due to the importance of experience throughout their philosophical principles. More specifically, Lockes empirical views can be seen in his idea of the primary and secondary qualities of an object. Berkeleys empiricism is evident in his critique of Lockes concept of abstract ideas. Lastly, Hume can be considered as the most consistent empiricist of the group as he did not waver from experience being the source of knowledge and at the root of reasoning. His views are evident in his concept of humans having perceptions and impressions and his idea of â€Å"self†. John Lockes empirical views are evident throughout his philosophical principles. Locke believed that there were no such things as innate thoughts and that the only way a person could obtain  knowledge about something is through directly experiencing it. This is especially evident in his explanation of objects having primary and secondary qualities. Locke suggests that all things posses two qualities about them: primary qualities and secondary qualities. Primary qualities consist of traits that are completely within the object such as the shape of a ball. This primary quality about the ball will not change even when viewed from a different perspective because that is the physical structure of the ball. On the contrary, a secondary quality is a trait that requires perception by an observer. Secondary qualities are relative to the observer and change depending on the observers perspective or the physical differences between observers. For example, the color of the ball can change depending on the lighting in the room or due to an observer being color blind. In his 4th book of his Essay, Locke writes,â€Å"We cannot demonstrate the certain equality of any two degrees of whiteness; because we have no certain standard to measure them by, nor means to distinguish every the least real difference, the only help we have being from our senses, which in this point fail us. † (Locke, Book 4, Chp 2, #13). In other words, he is saying that the secondary quality of the color white cannot be scientifically quantified because each individuals perception of the color is different which prevents us from being able to determine the true â€Å"whiteness† of the given object. Locke makes this distinction between primary and secondary qualities in a response to the idea of innate thoughts, or thoughts that are naturally ingrained in our minds without having to experience them. Further, Locke is suggesting that innate thoughts are simply  common experiences. Locke also believed that the primary qualities of an object were things that could quantified and measured by the Newtonian science of the time. Lastly, Lockes concept of primary and secondary qualities indicates that he is an Empiricist because they show that he believes that we need past experiences in order to have an idea about different objects. Without experiencing the color red previously, we wouldnt have an idea of how red a ball is. George Berkeleys philosophical methodologies and principles reflect empiricist ideas as well. This is evident in his critique of John Lockes concept of abstract ideas. According to Locke, we can come up with an abstract view of, say a cat, by taking our experiences of many different cats and extracting from them common properties that all cats have. This abstract idea therefore applies to all cats despite their size, breed, or coat color. Berkeley argued that these abstract ideas cannot be thought about in our mind without creating an image of a particular cat in our minds. One cannot imagine a cat that is neither big or little, of no specific breed, or colorless. Berkeley addresses this idea in his book A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, saying, â€Å"Whether others have this wonderful faculty of ABSTRACTING THEIR IDEAS, they best can tell: for myself, I find indeed I have a faculty of imagining, or representing to myself, the ideas of those particular things I have perceived. † (Berkeley, 10). In other words, Berkeley is saying that unlike others who claim to be able to come up with abstract ideas, he is only capable of imagining these â€Å"abstract ideas† with previous particulars that he already experienced at some point. The author of our textbook, William Lawhead summarized Berkeleys critique quite nicely, saying â€Å"We can think of, speak about, and imagine only particular things. † (pg 322). Furthermore, George Berkeleys critique of abstract ideas reflects his empiricist views because they show how important experience is to his concept of ideas. To Berkeley, one cannot come up with abstract ideas because we always draw on previous experiences to give us an idea of what were thinking about. This is a more strict version of Empiricism compared to Lockes. David Humes concept of perceptions are simply the contents of our consciousness, similar to what Locke would call an idea (Lawhead, 336). Hume further breaks down perceptions into two categories: impressions and ideas. To Hume, all original experiences are considered impressions. These impressions remain as â€Å"copies† in our mind and we draw upon them when we have a similar experience later on in life. These â€Å"copies† of the original impression are what Hume calls an idea. In his work, Treatise of Human Nature, Hume says â€Å"When we search for the characteristic, which  distinguishes the memory from the imagination, we must immediately perceive, that it cannot lie in the simple ideas it presents to us; since both these faculties borrow their simple ideas from the impressions, and can never go beyond these original perceptions. † (Hume, Section 5). In other words, Hume is saying that when one is trying to think about a characteristic of an object we always revert back to the original impression that we previously had in our mind from a past experience. Further, Hume is saying that even simple ideas about an object are faint memories of our previous experiences. David Hume can be considered the most consistent Empiricist especially when considering his idea on a persons perception of self (or lack thereof in this case). Lawhead described this simply by saying â€Å"Hume maintains that when we introspect we only find some particular perception of one sort another. If you focus on your experience right now you find puzzlement, tiredness, heat, anger.. What you dont find is a self. † (pg 340). This is an extremely empirical way of looking at ones self. Hume is such a consistent. Empiricist that he goes so far to say that we cannot have an idea of our self, because our minds always revert back to previous experiences of other perceptions. In addition to this, Hume suggests that we cannot even be certain about things such as the sun rising tomorrow. To Hume, the only reason that we know the sun will rise tomorrow is because of all of the past experiences and perceptions that weve had of the sun rising each morning. Therefore, we can only be certain of things that we have experienced. These two beliefs by Hume are evidence that he was the most strict Empiricist of the  group mentioned above. John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume can all be considered Empiricists due to the prevalence of experience in their philosophical principles.Lockes experience oriented principles can be observed in his idea of primary and secondary qualities of an object. Berkeleys can be seen in his critique of Lockes abstract ideas, which Berkeley suggests do not exist. Lastly, David Hume, who can be considered the most strict Empiricist, demonstrates his empirical views in his concepts of impressions and idea and his lack of self perception.

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle Essay Example for Free

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle Essay Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, three men considered to be the quintessential basis of ancient Greek philosophy. Not only were they responsible for Greek enlightenment, but also foreshadowed the coming of Christ in there speculations. Plato, the protege of Socrates, became the first to document the philosophy of his teacher, which in turn is passed down to Aristotle. This process of mentoring aided ancient man in the intellectual evolution of politics and religion, known as the linear concept. Socrates, the Athenian native ex-hoplite and his successors more often than not focused on three main schools of thought, religion, politics, and the spiritual essence. Socrates was not a defender of the gods, and by no means an atheist, which he will later, in part, be put to death for. Through Socrates many years of philosophizing religion his most notable accomplishments were; mans existence on two planes and the immortal soul. He believed man existed on two planes, a physical plane, the human form in which people carry out their lives, and the spiritual form, the more concentrated immortal essence that is internal to all. Perhaps more significant is the spiritual form or soul, Socrates described as the seat of the mind and knowledge is closely related to it, and that only after death would the soul be released. Following the soul release, one could then have the opportunity to see truth more clearly then ever before. Socrates was the first to speculate in relation to the soul, and the first to deem it immortal exclusive of any ritual or practice. In terms of democracy Socrates faith slight, he had his doubts, primarily because he did not condone empowering the uneducated. He felt that some were not educated enough and were ignorant to political and social complexities, therefore should not have the equality of a greater mind in the matter. He was later tried and convicted for corrupting the youth and atheism, not before passed all his philosophy to his prized student Plato. Plato carried on Socrates unique approach to philosophy and extended it one step farther. He expanded largely on Socrates works on immortality of the soul, truth, the existence of man on two planes, and why, only after death, one could see truth more clearly in one of his most acclaimed works, the Doctrine of Pure Form and Ideas. The doctrine of pure form and ideas illustrated how man was deceived by his senses and that they masked the real truth. In fact, Plato argued that a man would see a horse for example, in a whole new light after death, because only then could he see the pure form after the mask of his mortal senses was lifted. Furthermore, he believed that a pure form, in other words an essence that can see all for its genuine truth created the world, which many consider the true beginning of monotheism. On the other end of the spectrum are his political contributions, whereby he took Socrates criticism of democracy to a new level. Plato considered democracy to be the worst form of government; moreover he thought people should be guided by a guardian class or group, much like the oligarchy of Sparta, which he idolized. In addition, Plato contemplated the removal of superior children from their specifically mated parents at birth, after which they would be raised by the state and all its citizens as children of the state as a whole. Lastly Plato was one of the first minds to encourage the integration of women in government, perhaps building the foundation for female suffrage. Lastly, Aristotle, a man of great virtue and notorious genius, the last piece of the ancient philosophy jigsaw puzzle, appends the studies of his ostentatious predecessors. Being the understudy of Plato, Aristotle found much ado in mans essence and politics. Aristotle took the thought of pure form and pure beings to its pinnacle by concluding that of all pure forms one is unquestionably the purest, and is therefore all good and is god. On the other hand, Aristotle did not always agree with Plato for example, Aristotle disputed Platos theory of human senses. He in turn felt strongly regarding the importance of the senses and argued they should not be denied; furthermore that change is not an illusion but rather an important phenomenon. Change, Aristotle felt, was the process all organisms experience toward a particular end, an end determined by the unmoved mover or the supreme cause of existence. Aristotle much like Plato also frowned upon democracy, suggesting it to be mob rule. However, he was no advocate of oligarchy or monarchy either; in fact he condemned Sparta for empowering women, and felt that government should be run by wealthy men who have been trained by philosophers. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are among the greatest philosophers of all time; their ideas have been passed through the ages and have been integrated within many modern day societies. As stated, the three men continually added toward the growth of religion, politics and the human soul in a process which is known ads the linear concept, constant changes and evolution toward the birth of many religions and political ideologies.